to know a fly essays

to know a fly papers Brief Summary: The book, To Know a Fly by Vincent G. Dethier, is about a researcher who became hopelessly enamored with the fly. Educator Dethier isnt like most researchers who are loved for their achievements and dismissed for the absence of capacity to speak with society. He was known for being an extraordinary specialist, and he likewise had the brilliant endowment of correspondence. The way that he was intrigued by the information that could be acquired from such a basic animal groups, for example, the fly, additionally made him mainstream with the general population. The fundamental focal point of the book includes Professor Dethier structuring and performing different analyses. Each investigation done by Professor Dethier is exceptionally straightforward, in this way the peruser is educated, and as Professor Dethier includes fascinating realities about the analyses of the fly the peruser can decipher it simpler. Educator Dethier starts the book by clarifying how science and res earcher are regularly misconstrued. He proceeds by expressing that anybody can be a researcher in the event that they need wish. In any case, they should forces certain attributes, for example, love for nature, interest of life, and a taking off creative mind. Subsequent to persuading the peruser that they can comprehend and acknowledge science, Professor Dethier starts to illuminate the peruser about the fly. He starts by shielding the fly. Most everybody has a shared understanding that flies are bugs and are regularly viewed as malady invaded. A great many people dont even need to be within the sight of a fly. In addition, flies arent precisely the kind of creature you would think to find out about so the Professor persuades you regarding the significance of exploration on even the least complex or apparently insignificant creatures. One trademark he centers around with respect to the fly is the way that the fly is uncommon in light of the fact that the creepy crawly can fly. This is a moderately basic idea, yet on the off chance that he procures some regard, for the fly, from the perusers, he will have the option to assemble their inclinations, r... <!

Culture Difference Between China And Japan Cultural Studies Essay

Culture Difference Between China And Japan Cultural Studies Essay In western people groups perspective, the Asians see Asian would resemble insiders, in light of the fact that the topography is shut, they are Asia. Also, western think Asians appearances nearly are the equivalent. There are forty-eight nations in Asia, various approaches, various religions, and diverse language. I concur with the specialist who promotion of a staggered and multi-points of view to break down cross culture. (Tung, 2007) When Asians look in their own nation, in spite of the fact that there still have some distinction among various area, however in by and large they have a great deal of normal focuses. At the point when Asians look in Asia, yet not look in their own nations. For the most part Asians will feel new as western individuals to take a gander at Asia. In this paper, I intend to accept China and Japan for instance to break down. I think these two nations are close by to one another, and even the character of Chinese and Japanese has a few same parts. Financial globalization made the entirety of the nations couldn't exist to grow up individually. Because of the globalization procedure, China and Japan had being improved the collaboration exercises in the previous 30 years. There are increasingly more worldwide organization comes out. Positively, multifaceted administration turned into a critical issue now. A few analysts put stock in that during the globalization procedure could have the effect culture incorporate later on. (Tung, 2008) In another words, every nation culture would decrease, and ingested the other mainstream society. After numerous decades, the entire world just has the mainstream society exist. Nonetheless, Hofstede accepted that national culture will at present be steady. (Tung, 2008) Many districts culture has being grown a great many years, they should be steady. I incompletely concur with the past focuses, I think the level of conventional culture sway has been changed in reality. In another word, a few pieces of national culture will decrease, conversely, a few sections despite everything be steady existed. Likewise, some new culture has being consumed over the long haul. What's more, I concur with the analyst who promotion of a staggered and multi-points of view to break down cross culture. (Tung, 2007) In this segment, I might want to present definitions, which are pertinent to the multifaceted administration. Terence (1995) inferred that culture has been characterized as the aggregate programming of the brain which recognizes the individuals from one classification (it tends to be a country, district, a social class, etc) of individuals from another. In another words, culture could be anything, which can impact people practices and originations. Furthermore, the administration has been characterized as completing shared objectives through others. (Hofstede, 2007) Then, I am going to consolidate these two definitions. Cross culture the executives could be characterized as to complete shared objectives through others, which obliged by various classifications (it very well may be a country, district, a social class, etc). Furthermore, presently, I clarify why I utilize the meaning of culture to rather than cross culture. In my perspective, even in a similar area, the way of life is c ontrast. As I said previously, culture could be anything applicable to people groups thinking. Accordingly, various individuals would have their own experience. At the point when a director intend to oversee diverse individual, regardless of whether they are similar nationalities. It tends to be called cross culture the executives too. Be that as it may, the past speculations appears as though an incredibly point. In this part I might want to examine some point about Japanese and Chinese. As a Chinese, I think when a Chinese need to request a leave to their pioneer. They generally blame family issues, since along these lines could build the level of authorization. On the off chance that pioneer deny the family issue, which resembles less gut. At the point when the universities request that you obtain some cash, in the event that you pick yourself issue as a reason, it appears to be somewhat immediate. Along these lines, Chinese like to pick the backhanded way. Conversely, Zhang⠼ë†2009) showed that there is scarcely any rate Japanese might want to blame family issue so as to dismiss some business demand. On the other hand, in China individuals for the most part to blame family. I think the wellspring of the thing that matters is that security issue in Japanese originations are more genuine than Chinese. In Japanese assessment, they might want to isolate works and family issues. Because of the extraordinary relationship among Chinese, in an equivalent organization, the Chinese schools may perceive different universities relatives. In addition, among generally relative, most likely they know each other also, particularly in little places. What's more, in Chinese culture, when you acknowledge a blessing, youd better to open it with your companion, and show your astonishment. As a rule, you should make your companion realize you resemble this blessing. As far as I can tell, I generally open a blessing with my companion, since I figure this could your companion and you know each other once more. Tong (n.d.) brought up that positively, on the off chance that I didnt like this blessing by any means, I will utilize an in a roundabout way approach to communicate my inclination, for example, the bundle is lovely. In any case, in an exploration announced that when a Japanese give you a blessing, youd better don't to open it till Japanese leave. For this situation, Japanese shows aberrant way, and Chinese present legitimately. Yao, (2008) make sense of that all through the Japanese history, which had recorded by composed, the standing consistently existed. Albeit ongoing years Japan was westernization, yet they are still impacted by a profoundly progressive society. Regardless of whether in China, such an antiquated development nation with 5000 history, however this profoundly progressive condition just met in medieval society and slave society present by Yao in 2008. I think the profoundly progressive system in Japaneses society is one reason of Japanese is a cockerel, even in the harmony time frame. As indicated by the history record, China had a great deal of war understanding. In the Qing tradition, the last line in Chinas present day time span, I think those rulers thought China was an extraordinary nation, theyd like to independence. In this way, in that significant stretch, China appears stop to create, and didnt grow the rulers power excessively. In the mean time, Yao (2008) additionally make anoth er point that in ongoing decades, Japanese never stop to create. I estimate the explanation ought to be Japanese consistently feel dangerously. Thusly, in Americans inquire about I found that Japan is a pugnacities country. As far as I can tell, when I spoke with Japanese, I can feel their ensure ideas is exceptionally solid in their brain. Additionally, Japanese as an infant, their folks will give them an exacting preparing, which would keep a separation when guardians embrace Japanese children. It is a training, Japanese children must hold their folks cautiously, and else they will tumble. This training added an endure thought to youngsters. I think this issue is applicable to the battling soul in Japanese country. Be that as it may, when a Chinese as a child, the guardians would treat them like a genuine infant. On the off chance that they fall over on the floor without anyone else, the guardians will chasten the floor so as to comfort youngsters and stop their crying. Particular ly, when a kid infant goes to a family, the moms guardians will regard this youngster as fortune. In spite of the fact that, the kid and young lady issue has being decreased as of late, and in some wide open family despite everything have. I think the treat and instruct approach to kid is significant. In addition, the guardians are the principal educator in childrens mind. The guardians exercises could affect in childrens conduct and origination later on. In any case, if when an infant has a severe endure practice, I think it appears to be somewhat remorseless. I incline toward the European nations; the kid can grow up normally. There isn't an excessive amount of strain to youngsters, yet kids additionally have free capacity. I plan to profoundly break down the youngster issue among Japan and China, since I think this is a significant component cause the distinctive culture existed. I need to respect, the normal level of good way circumstance in people in general, Japan is higher than China. The methods of teach youngsters may be impact way profoundly. As I said previously, a large portion of Chinese guardians treat their youngster as a fortune. Also, as of late, Chinese family received one youngster arrangement. In this way, the kid is more valuable than previously. I might want to accept my own understanding for instance, since I came to UK to examine, my mom had being reached me each multi day. Additionally, I have watched Japanese understudies and Chinese understudies. Each occasion, the level of understudies back to old neighborhood, the Chinese are a lot higher than Japanese. I think this circumstance brought about by one youngster strategy. The Chinese guardians give a bigger number of obligations than Japanese to their youngsters. What's more, the youngsters should take a larger number of duties than Japanese kids also. Paradoxically, I have asked my Japanese companions, they said as a rule in Japans families, they are more than 1 kid. Accordingly, they grew up with rivalry. They expected to contend with their siblings or sisters. They are focusing on keep a decent way anyplace, on the grounds that they are consistently in an opposition domain. In China between created city and less created city or inland city and coastland city, some culture is likewise has distinction. (Tung, 2007) In China, there are a ton of arrangements through supper to wrap up. In this manner, drinking society is a significant expertise in numerous events. In numerous north area residents, they figure drinking can communicate whether you regard one another. On the off chance that you just drinking a bit, which implies you look downward on the others, you havent bring your earnestness. In any case, in the south coastland territories, individuals can feel you that you have attempt your best to drink, that is sufficient. In addition, when you do a business with coastland urban areas, you can introduce more regular route than you speak with northern individuals. There are such a large number of limitations in some north people groups origination. For an instanc

Public Relations Essay Samples - Do They Work?

Public Relations Essay Samples - Do They Work?Public relations essays can be challenging. In fact, they often require a lot of writing skills, as well as analytical and writing skills. That's why there are many public relations essay samples available. These are what most students use in their public relations course.However, these samples may not be effective because they do not properly address the specific message that they are trying to convey. You can choose from several different public relations essay samples that most students use.While the public relations essay samples are meant to be helpful, most students simply read through these and use them at the end of the class, and forget about them. However, as you will discover below, they are actually effective public relations essay samples, so read on to learn more.One of the most successful public relations essay samples available is an article called 'This Is Why Your Education is Important' written by Brian Fagan. This essa y contains an introduction, four major points, and an end. This makes it easy for you to use because it is very short and easy to read.For example, the introduction contains the concept of teaching students by taking a deep look into the subject of education. After explaining the various topics that you will discuss throughout the essay, he points out the ways that you will teach each of the students. The fourth part of the essay addresses the question of how to deliver the information that you have given in the first part of the essay.Then, he provides several examples of how he used this idea in his essay. After discussing the different methods he used, he tells the reader how each of these worked to make him a better teacher.Brian Fagan is one of the more successful public relations essay samples available because he combines a powerful and unique message with a powerful and unique way to teach his students. Because his essay is short, simple, and effective, it allows all student s to understand the message and the method that he used to get his message across.If you are going to write an essay for your public relations course, then I highly recommend that you use this essay. It provides great insight into the topic of public relations and is very effective.

The Use Of Gmo Foods - 1145 Words

The use of GMO s Biotechnology offers a variety of potential benefits and risks. It enhanced the food production by making plants less vulnerable to drought, frost, insects, and viruses and by enabling plants to compete more effectively against weeds for soil nutrients. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are defined as organisms (except for human beings) in which the genetic material has been altered in a way which doesn t occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. GMO s have widespread applications as they are used in biological and medical research, production of pharmaceutical drugs, experimental medicine, and agriculture. The use of gene technology in food production has become interesting due to increased needs of†¦show more content†¦Genetic engineering provides a means to introduce genes into plants via mechanisms that are different in some respects from classical breeding. A number of commercialized, genetically engineered (GE) varieties, most notably canola, cotton, maize and soybean, were created using this technology, and at present the traits introduced are herbicide and/or pest tolerance. Gene technology enables the increase of production in plants, as well as the rise of resistance to pests, viruses, frost, etc. Gene transfer is used to modify the physical and chemical composition and nutritional value of food. Gene transfer in animals will play a part in boundless possibilities of improving qualitative and quantitative traits.On the other hand, negative effects of gene technology on animals, human, and environment should be considered. The debate on weather if genetically modified foods should be used or not is a controversial topic. The implications of these new technologies and the full community of life that shares this planet which seem to concern. However, its been more than 25 years, public dialogues, expert consultations and scientific publications have concluded that a comprehensive assessment of the implications of genetic engineering in agriculture and food production needs to include health, environmental, social and economical aspects, but only very few

Alzheimer s Disease And Vascular Dementia - 1277 Words

Introduction Dementia is a chronic illness that effects millions of Americans annually with increasing numbers. The general understanding of dementia is that it affects the mind, and while it does affect the mind, entangles much more than just that. Dementia engulfs a patient s mind, family, a level of caregiving, and an involvement in research of the disease. The Mind Adults age 65 years and older make up around 13 percent of the population (39 million people). This number is likely to increase significantly over the next 30+ years to encompass about 20 percent of the population (88.5 million). It is gathered that about 1 in 10 adults age 65 years and older have been diagnosed with dementia. Dementia is a slow, but cumulative†¦show more content†¦This behavior can almost be perceived as a deterioration or demotion in a person’s maturity. While it most certainly is not, it happens in a way that an individual seemingly regresses in their decision making and maturity. It is theorized that some of the behavioral research done on other populations of similar behavioral competency (child like behavior) could be done on an elderly population suffering from the behavioral regression of dementia. There has been little research such as this done, however. Currently, there is no cure for dementia. There are some drug therapies that a re currently in use to help increase the chemical acetylcholine in the brain in an attempt to aid in memory retention and judgement. A few drugs in the class are: Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Galantamine. These have been attempted treatments for the disease, but have had mixed results. In some cases such treatments have come up short, and in drastic cases, these treatments have made matters worse for some patients. Some of these treatments have been known to cause confusion, delirium, and even increased risk of mortality. An alternative to these medicinal treatments have been almost strictly environmental. This has been through the application of behavior-analytic principles that help see future problems before they arise. This application also allows for an more individualized care plan for someone suffering from effects of dementia. Family While the patient is the one dealing with

Comparing Hegel, Marx, Kants Views on Pantheism Essay

Comparing Hegel, Marx, Kants Views on Pantheism 1.Hegel is a pantheist, meaning that he believes that everytng toeather comes to being God. Subsequently he believes that everythenig is one, menatin gtat reason and reality actually are the same thing, fuirtheremore Hegel believst that reality is reason, this is his first Principle. In contrast to this Kant believes that all we really know are our persc=eptions of the real (Nominal world) and tat we cannot really knowanything aobut the real world. So our reason, though it lets us perceive reality it in fact changes reality, so our reason is not our reality. This is why Kant believes that reason isnt our first principle, and that we cannot in fact know the true first principle.†¦show more content†¦Kant believes that evertythnging is the nouminal world, and the we are perscieveing theis nouminal wourld though our lens which we call reason (Or concepts). We then use our senses to interpret what we are percieveing. He came to this conclusion when he was trying ot find a synt hesis between hume and Descares. Descartes was wrong in his thinking, or at least is is evident that there is something missing from his rationalist thinking. Kant used to believe this but after reading the empirist remarks of Hume he began to see the need for use of our sensory perceptions within reality as well. So the synthesis is that all knowledge comes from the combination of conepts and intuitions (reason and sensory perceptions), without reason we would have no lens to perceive what the nominal wourld is telling us, and without senses we would have no way of understanding what our reason is telling us. But even with this we need to remember that the best that we can do is perceive what is, but that does not determine what something is, the nominal would exists beyond our perception and is still a mystery. This leaves open room for metaphysics, because God, and our souls can still exist beyond our plain of sensory, or reason. 2. both Kierkegaard and Marx disagreed with hegels philiosphy. Kirkegaard Thought that Hegel was full of

Exemplification Essay free essay sample

A stereotype is a predisposed idea about a group of people based on limited information you have heard or seen and assumed to be true about every individual in that group. In â€Å"Don’t Call Me a Hot Tamale,† Judith Ortiz Cofer describes how being Puerto Rican affects her every day. People make rude comments about her, based on her ethnicity, and without knowing her. Cofer describes how she was stereotyped in different situations. From being compared to a Latina character in a play to having her culture misinterpreted. She does not fight against this prevaricate ideas. Instead, she travels around the United States and reads from her books and poetry trying to clear stereotypes about Latinos. As Cofer describe â€Å"replace them with a more interesting set of realities† (Cofer 666). However, individuals are still being exaggerated categorized according to their culture. First, similar to how Cofer was compared to a character from the West Side Stories, popular Asian characters in movies also create stereotypes for Asian Americans. After women begin to use SlimLipo for abdominal liposuctions, the lipo gives them a flatter stomach with their abdominal muscles being shown with an idealistic body. Then SlimLipo removes any of the fat tissue overlying their abdominal muscles, causing them to have a thinner appearance. SlimLipo also explain to women how it will effectively burn the fat, and remove the extra fat from any unwanted area. According to SlimLipo advertisements, once they begin this process they should get a fine-toned body. Television advertisements have been able to draw a lot of women attention with the Tummy Tuck Miracle Slimming. Tummy tucks are the most common plastic surgery wanted by women. Since it is harder to try to lose your lower abs, women find tummy tucks a way to get an idealistic body. The tummy tuck flattens your abdomen by removing any fat and tightening muscles. Tummy Tuck Miracle Slimming will instantly erase inches, there are no side effects given, and give women a smoother or firmer idealistic image. According to Tummy Tuck Miracle Slimming the results of this product delivers an image that is so â€Å"shocking. † Sometimes plastic surgery will leave women in pain with extra problems after the procedure. However, advertising products will still encourage women to become interested in plastic surgery. Internet advertisements have shown Botox Cosmetics, a prescription medicine that is injected into your muscles, a way for wrinkles in your face to go away without any surgery. It is uncommon for physicians to prescribe Botox injection; when women begin to notice wrinkles in their skin, mostly in their face, or around their eyes, they begin to want Botox. Botox usually would improve the look of severe frown lines between women eyebrows, for a short amount of time. According to internet advertisements about Botox Cosmetics â€Å"All it takes is a few minutes of your time and a few small injections. Within days, you can have noticeable improvement lasting four months or longer. † Botox Cosmetics is advertised to give women a better way to lose the wrinkles within their faces that usually are not able to disappear. Though women have become able to rely on plastic surgery; internet advertisements has drawn their attention. Television and internet advertisements have been able to persuade women into thinking that they could have an idealistic body. As a result, many women may not be concerned with any health risk that they may encounter. Nor are they considering the cost of thousands of dollars for them to become toned, whereas simply how this could become a habit that is unhealthy. It is imperative that women understand that taking these risks could affect their health. Women should not be easily influenced or desperate to change their body when it is not needed. Internet and television advertisements make women desperate to change their bodies to become perfect and by getting rid of what they may dislike the most. There will always be a variety of television and internet advertisements that focus on how to get rid the unwanted areas of the body, and to have an idealistic body. However, it is up to the women, models, and celebrities to be aware of the pros and cons of having a toned body.

Supply and Demand Essay Example

Supply and Demand Essay chapter: 3 Supply and Demand Krugman/Wells Economics  ©2009 ? Worth Publishers WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER ? ? ? ? ? What a competitive market is and how it is described by the supply and demand model What the demand curve and supply curve are The difference between movements along a curve and shifts of a curve How the supply and demand curves determine a market’s equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity In the case of a shortage or surplus, how price moves the market back to equilibrium 2 of 42 Supply and Demand ? A competitive market: ? ? Many buyers and sellers Same good or service ? ? The supply and demand model is a model of how a competitive market works. Five key elements: ? ? ? ? ? Demand curve Supply curve Demand and supply curve shifts Market equilibrium Changes in the market equilibrium 3 of 42 Demand Schedule ? A demand schedule shows how much of a good or service consumers will want to buy at different prices. Demand Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans demanded (billions of pounds) $2. 00 1. 75 7. 1 7. 5 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 of 42 Demand Curve Price of coffee bean (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 A demand curve is the graphical representation of the demand schedule; it shows how much of a good or service consumers want to buy at any given price. As price rises, the quantity demanded falls Demand curve, D 0 7 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 5 of 42 GLOBAL COMPARISON Pay Mor e, Pump Less†¦ ? Price of gasoline (per gallon) Germany Because of high taxes, gasoline and diesel fuel are more than twice as expensive in most European countries as in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the law of demand, Europeans should buy less gasoline than Americans, and they do: Europeans consume less than half as much fuel as Americans, mainly because they drive smaller cars with better mileage. $8 7 6 United Kingdom Italy France Spain ? 5 4 3 Japan Canada United States 0. 2 0. 6 1. 0 1. 4 0 Consumption of gasoline (gallons per day per capita) 6 of 42 An Increase in Demand ? ? An increase in the population and other factors generate an increase in demand – a rise in the quantity demanded at any given price. This is represented by the two demand schedules one showing demand in 2002, before the rise in population, the other showing demand in 2006, after the rise in population. Demand Schedules for Coffee Beans Quantity of coffee beans demanded (billions of pounds) Price of coffee beans (per pound) in 2002 in 2006 $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 7. 1 7. 5 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 8. 5 9. 0 9. 7 10. 7 12. 0 13. 8 17. 0 7 of 42 An Increase in Demand Price of coffee beans (per gallon) $2. 00 Increase in population ? more coffee drinkers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 Demand curve in 2006 Demand curve in 2002 7 9 11 13 D 1 D 17 2 15 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A shift of the demand curve is a change in the quantity demanded at any given price, represented by the change of the original demand curve to a new position, denoted by a new demand curve. 8 of 42 Movement Along the Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 A C †¦ is not the same thing as a movement along the demand curve B A shift of the demand curve†¦ A movement along the demand curve is a change in the quantity demanded of a good that is the result of a change in that good’s price. 1. 00 0. 75 . 50 D 7 8. 1 9. 7 10 13 1 D 17 2 0 15 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 9 of 42 Shifts of the Demand Curve Price Increase in demand An â€Å"increase in demand† A â€Å"decrease in demand†, means a leftward shift of rightward shift of the demand curve: at any given price, consumers demand a smaller quantity larger quantity than before. (D1? D3) (D1? D2) Decrease in demand D 3 D 1 D 2 Quantity 10 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in the Prices of Related Goods ? Substitutes: Two goods are substitutes if a fall in the price of one of the goods makes consumers less willing to buy the other good. Complements: Two goods are complements if a fall in the price of one good makes people more willing to buy the other good. ? 11 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in Income ? ? Normal Goods: When a rise in income increases the demand for a good the normal case we say that the good is a normal good. Inferior Goods: When a rise in income decreases the demand for a good, it is an inferior good. ? ? Changes in Tastes Changes in Expectations 12 of 42 Individual Demand Curve and the Market Demand Curve The market demand curve is the horizontal sum of the individual demand curves of all consumers in that market. (a) (b) (c) Darla’s Individual Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Price of coffee beans (per pound) Dino’s Individual Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Market Demand Curve $2 $2 $2 DMarket 1 1 1 DDarla DDino 0 20 30 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 10 20 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 30 40 50 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 13 of 42 Supply Schedule ? A supply schedule shows how much of a good or service would be supplied at different prices. Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans supplied (billions of pounds) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 11. 6 11. 5 11. 2 10. 7 10. 0 9. 1 8. 0 14 of 42 Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply curve, S $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 9 11 13 A supply curve shows graphically how much of a good or service people are willing to sell at any given price. As price rises, the quantity supplied rises. 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 15 of 42 An Increase in Supply ? ? The entry of Vietnam Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans into the coffee bean Quantity of beans supplied Price of business generated coffee beans (billions of pounds) an increase in (per pound) Before entry After entry supply—a rise in the quantity supplied at $2. 00 11. 6 13. 9 any given price. 1. 75 11. 5 13. 8 This event is 1. 50 11. 2 13. 4 represented by the 1. 25 10. 7 12. 8 two supply schedules—one 1. 00 10. 0 12. 0 showing supply before 0. 75 9. 1 10. 9 Vietnam’s entry, the 0. 50 8. 0 9. 6 other showing supply after Vietnam came in. 16 of 42 An Increase in Supply Price of coffee beans (per pound) S $2. 0 1 S 2 Vietnam enters coffee bean business ? more coffee producers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 A movement along the supply curve†¦ †¦ is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A shift of the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good at any given pric e. 17 of 42 Movement Along the Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 10 11. 2 12 A C †¦ is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve 15 17 A movement along the supply curve†¦ S 1 S 2 B Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A movement along the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good that is the result of a change in that good’s price. 18 of 42 Shifts of the Supply Curve Price S 3 S 1 S 2 Increase in supply Any â€Å"increase in â€Å"decrease in supply† means a leftward shift of the rightward shift of the supply curve: at any given price, there is an a decrease in the increase in the quantity supplied. (S1? S2) S3) Decrease in supply Quantity 19 of 42 What Causes a Supply Curve to Shift? ? ? ? ? ? Changes in input prices ? An input is a good that is used to produce another good. Changes in the prices of related goods and services Changes in technology Changes in expectations Changes in the number of producers 20 of 42 Individual Supply Curve and the Market Supply Curve The market supply curve is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curves of all firms in that market. (a) Price of coffee beans (per pound) (b) Price of coffee beans (per pound) (c) Market Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Mr. Figueroa’s Individual Supply Curve SFigueroa Mr. Bien Pho’s Individual Supply Curve S Pho Bien $2 $2 $2 S Market 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 21 of 42 Supply, Demand and Equilibrium ? Equilibrium in a competitive market: when the quantity demanded of a good equals the quantity supplied of that good. The price at which this takes place is the equilibrium price (a. k. a. market-clearing price): ? ? Every buyer finds a seller and vice versa. The quantity of the good bought and sold at that price is the equilibrium quantity. ? 22 of 42 Market Equilibrium Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply 2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 Market equilibrium occurs at point E, where the supply curve and the demand curve intersect. Equilibrium price 1. 00 0. 75 E Equilibrium 0. 50 0 7 10 Equilibrium quantity 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 23 of 42 Surplus Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply $2. 00 1. 75 Surplus 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 E There is a surplus of a good when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. Surpluses occur when the price is above its equilibrium level. 0. 50 0 7 8. 1 10 11. 2 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) Quantity demanded Quantity supplied 24 of 42 Shortage Price of coffee beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 Supply 1. 50 1. 25 There is a shortage of a good when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. Shortages occur when the price is below its equilibrium level. 1. 00 0. 75 E 0. 50 0 7 9. 1 Shortage Demand 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 10 11. 5 Quantity supplied Quantity demanded 25 of 42 >ECONOMICS IN ACTION The Price of Admission: †¢ Compare the box office price for a recent Justin Timberlake concert in Miami, Florida, to the StubHub. com price for seats in the same location: $88. 0 versus $155. †¢ Why is there such a big difference in prices? For major events, buying tickets from the box office means waiting in very long lines. Ticket buyers who use Internet resellers have decided that the opportunity cost of their time is too high to spend waiting in line. For those major events with online box offices selling tickets at face value, tick ets often sell out within minutes. †¢ In this case, some people who want to go to the concert badly but have missed out on the opportunity to buy cheaper tickets from the online box office are willing to pay the higher Internet reseller price. 6 of 42 Equilibrium and Shifts of the Demand Curve Price of coffee beans An increase in demand†¦ Supply E P 2 2 Price rises E P 1 1 †¦ leads to a movement along the supply curve due to a higher equilibrium price and higher equilibrium quantity D 2 D 1 Q 1 Q 2 Quantity of coffee beans Quantity rises 27 of 42 Equilibrium and Shifts of the Supply Curve Price of coffee beans S 2 S 1 A decrease in supply†¦ P Price rises E 2 2 †¦ leads to a movement along the demand curve due to a higher equilibrium price and lower equilibrium quantity P 1 E1 Demand Q 2 Q 1 Quantity of coffee beans Quantity falls 28 of 42 Technology Shifts of the Supply Curve Price An increase in supply †¦ S1 S2 †¦ leads to a movement along the demand curve to a lower equilibrium price and higher equilibrium quantity. E1 Price falls P1 P2 E2 Technological innovation: In the early 1970s, engineers learned how to put microscopic electronic components onto a silicon chip; progress in the technique has allowed ever more components to be put on each chip. Demand Q 1 Q 2 Quantity Quantity increases 29 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand (a) One possible outcome: Price Rises, Quantity Rises Price of coffee Small decrease in supply S 2 S 1 E P 2 2 The opposing forces Two increase in demand dominates the determining the decrease in supply. equilibrium quantity. E P 1 1 D D 1 Large increase in demand Q 1 Q2 2 Quantity of coffee 30 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand (b) Another Possibility Outcome: Price Rises, Quantity Falls Price of coffee Large decrease in supply S 2 S 1 E P 2 2 Two opposing forces determining the equilibrium quantity. E P 1 1 Small increase in demand D D 2 1 Q 2 Q 1 Quantity of coffee 31 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand We can make the following predictions about the outcome when the supply and demand curves shift simultaneously: Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand Demand Increases Demand Decreases Supply Increases Supply Decreases Price: ambiguous Quantity: up Price: up Quantity: ambiguous Price: down Price: ambiguous Quantity: ambiguous Quantity: down 32 of 42 FOR INQUIRING MINDS Your Turn on the Runway: An Exercise of Supply, Demand and Supermodels ? The ease of transmitting photos over the Internet and the relatively low cost of international travel ? beautiful young women from all over the world, eagerly trying to make it as models = influx of aspiring models from around the world In addition the tastes of many of those who hire models have changed ? hey prefer celebrities What happened to the equilibrium price of a young (not a celebrity) fashion model? Use your supply and demand curves to determine the salaries of â€Å"America’s Next Best Models†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 33 of 42 ? ? FOR INQUIRING MINDS Another Example: Supply, Demand and Controlled Substances Price S2 S1 E2 P2 Price rises P1 E1 Howe ver, we can see The equilibrium by comparing the price has risen from original equilibrium E1 P1 to P2, and this with â€Å"war on The the new drugs† induces suppliers to equilibrium E2 that the provide drugs shifts the supply actual reduction in the despite the left. curve tothe risks. uantity of drugs supplied is much smaller than the shift of the supply curve. Demand Q2 Q1 Quantity Quantity falls 34 of 42 >ECONOMICS IN ACTION The Great Tortilla Crises: †¢ A sharp rise in the price of tortillas, a staple food of Mexico’s poor, which had gone from 25 cents a pound to between 35 and 45 cents a pound in just a few months in early 2007. Why were tortilla prices soaring? †¢ It was a classic example of what happens to equilibrium prices when supply falls. Tortillas are made from corn; much of Mexico’s corn is imported from the United States, with the price of corn in both countries basically set in the U. S. corn market. And U. S. corn prices were rising rapidly thanks to surging demand in a new market: the market for ethanol. 35 of 42 Demand and Supply Shifts at Work in the Global Economy ? A recent drought in Australia reduced the amount of grass on which Australian dairy cows could feed, thus limiting the amount of milk these cows produced for export. At the same time, a new tax levied by the government of Argentina raised the price of the milk the country exported, thereby decreasing Argentine milk sales worldwide. These two developments produced a supply shortage in the world market, which dairy farmers in Europe couldn’t fill because of strict production quotas set by the European Union. ? ? 36 of 42 Demand and Supply Shifts at Work in the Global Economy ? In China, meanwhile, demand for milk and milk products increased, as rising income levels drove higher per-capita consumption. All these occurrences resulted in a strong upward pressure on the price of milk everywhere in 2007. ? 37 of 42 SUMMARY 1. The supply and demand model illustrates how a competitive market works. 2. The demand schedule shows the quantity demanded at each price and is represented graphically by a demand curve. The law of demand says that demand curves slope downward. 3. A movement along the demand curve occurs when a price change leads to a change in the quantity demanded. When economists talk of increasing or decreasing demand, they mean shifts of the demand curve—a change in the quantity demanded at any given price. 38 of 42 SUMMARY 4. There are five main factors that shift the demand curve: †¢ A change in the prices of related goods or services †¢ A change in income †¢ A hange in tastes †¢ A change in expectations †¢ A change in the number of consumers 5. The market demand curve for a good or service is the horizontal sum of the individual demand curves of all consumers in the market. 6. The supply schedule shows the quantity supplied at each price and is represented graphically by a supply curve. Supply curves usually slope upward. 39 of 42 SUM MARY 7. A movement along the supply curve occurs when a price change leads to a change in the quantity supplied. When economists talk of increasing or decreasing supply, they mean shifts of the supply curve—a change in the quantity supplied at any given price. 8. There are five main factors that shift the supply curve: †¢ A change in input prices †¢ A change in the prices of related goods and services †¢ A change in technology †¢ A change in expectations †¢ A change in the number of producers 9. The market supply curve for a good or service is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curves of all producers in the market. 40 of 42 SUMMARY 10. The supply and demand model is based on the principle that the price in a market moves to its equilibrium price, or market-clearing price, the price at which the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. This quantity is the equilibrium quantity. When the price is above its market-clearing level, there is a surplus that pushes the price down. When the price is below its market-clearing level, there is a shortage that pushes the price up. 11. An increase in demand increases both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity; a decrease in demand has the opposite effect. An increase in supply reduces the equilibrium price and increases the equilibrium quantity; a decrease in supply has the opposite effect. 12. Shifts of the demand curve and the supply curve can happen simultaneously. 41 of 42 The End of Chapter 3 Coming attraction Chapter 4: The Market Strikes Back 42 of 42

Free Essays on Personal And Political Freedom

Personal and Political Freedom Many immigrants came to the United States for freedom. They knew about America’s freedom through media, propaganda, as well as word of mouth. The propaganda included information such as: freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, free education, right of private ownership, right to a trial by jury, and basic civil rights to peruse life, liberty, and happiness free from discrimination based on race, religion, or sexual gender. This definition of freedom comes from a person’s culture, background, influences, and experiences in life. There are several immigrants whose lives portrayed both personal and political freedom. Freedom in the United States is having personal liberty to pursue intellectual, emotional, and spiritual goals under the protection provided by the government. The foundation for American freedom comes from both Thomas Jefferson and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Thomas Jefferson said, â€Å"I would rather be exposed to the inconveniencies attending too much liberty than those attending too small a degree of it.† Jefferson was a philosopher, educator, naturalist, politician, scientist, architect, inventor, pioneer in scientific farming, musician, and writer, and he was the foremost spokesman for democracy of his day. Jefferson believed freedom was â€Å"That all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† Jefferson did not originate the concept of government by consent, and the belief that all people are endowed with certain rights that government cannot infringe upon. These ideas came from European philosophers, Jacques Rousseau. He was a French philosopher, social and political theorist, musician, botanist, and one of the most eloquent writers of the Age of Enlightenment. Rousseau’s wish was to inquire whether it be possible, within the civil order, to discover a legitima... Free Essays on Personal And Political Freedom Free Essays on Personal And Political Freedom Personal and Political Freedom Many immigrants came to the United States for freedom. They knew about America’s freedom through media, propaganda, as well as word of mouth. The propaganda included information such as: freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, free education, right of private ownership, right to a trial by jury, and basic civil rights to peruse life, liberty, and happiness free from discrimination based on race, religion, or sexual gender. This definition of freedom comes from a person’s culture, background, influences, and experiences in life. There are several immigrants whose lives portrayed both personal and political freedom. Freedom in the United States is having personal liberty to pursue intellectual, emotional, and spiritual goals under the protection provided by the government. The foundation for American freedom comes from both Thomas Jefferson and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Thomas Jefferson said, â€Å"I would rather be exposed to the inconveniencies attending too much liberty than those attending too small a degree of it.† Jefferson was a philosopher, educator, naturalist, politician, scientist, architect, inventor, pioneer in scientific farming, musician, and writer, and he was the foremost spokesman for democracy of his day. Jefferson believed freedom was â€Å"That all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† Jefferson did not originate the concept of government by consent, and the belief that all people are endowed with certain rights that government cannot infringe upon. These ideas came from European philosophers, Jacques Rousseau. He was a French philosopher, social and political theorist, musician, botanist, and one of the most eloquent writers of the Age of Enlightenment. Rousseau’s wish was to inquire whether it be possible, within the civil order, to discover a legitima...

Manegerial Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Manegerial Finance - Essay Example On the other hand management accounting is expected to provide information for analysis and use by internal uses of an organization like the senior executives and managers. Different data and financial data are required by different user groups. External users are more interested in the financial status of the company and they analyze the financial information presented with the general economic trend and the conditions of the industry in which the organization operates. Financial accounting makes information available on the financial transaction that have taken place in the past and this information is analyzed by the investors and creditors to assess overall performance of the company in which they have staked their funds. The internal users of the financial information require different types of information which they use to assess the internal performance of the company in various disciplines. The internal users also need non-financial information like the movements of competitors, levels of customer satisfaction which are assimilated and analyzed to help the growth of the company in the proper direction. As against the scope of financial accounting which deals more with historical data, management accounting deals with both past and present data. ... ation and rely on them, the financial accounting is made subject to the regulations of governing bodies like Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). In contrast the management accounting is not subject to any regulatory measures being presented by any agencies. The reason for absence of regulatory control is that management accounting prepares information only for the internal users and therefore is not subjected to any regulations. Since there is involvement of any public interest no need to protect the information has been felt. Periodicity of Reporting Financial accounting bases its reporting on the basis of historical data and therefore there is the necessity for making periodical reports. The financial reporting is done for different periodicity like monthly, quarterly, and annual reporting. Management accounting reports on the other hand are made for continuous periods so that the internal users would be able to evaluate the past and present performances of various functional divisions and departments. There may be some urgent needs of management accounting reports to evaluate a capital expenditure project or some other investment decisions. Forecasts about the future prospects and growth of business of the organization also need management accounting reports. Therefore there is the continuous need of the management accounting information by the internal users. (Edmonds et al, 2006) The differences in financial accounting and management accounting can be summarized in the following table: Criteria Financial Accounting Management Accounting Primary users External Internal Primary organization focus Whole organization Parts or subsections; specific areas Information characteristics Must be GAAP; based

Case study biomedical science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study biomedical science - Essay Example He was required to undergo splenectomy and surgical repair to the liver, lungs, and kidneys. A septic shock is defined as a continuum response of human being to infection. It is predominantly caused by gram negative organisms. The most common source of gram negative infection is the genitourinary system, followed by the respiratory system, and lastly, by the biliary system (Schwatz 1994). Plasma sodium concentration is the primary measurement that is available readily to the clinician in evaluating the fluid status of a patient. Under many conditions, it is a reasonable indicator of plasma osmolarity. Although plasma osmolarity is not measured routinely due to sodium and its associated anions that is mainly chloride, it accounts for more than 90% of the solute of extracellular fluid. Hypernatremia is a condition when the plasma sodium concentration is above normal. On the other hand, hyponatremia occurs when the plasma sodium concentration falls below normal level (Guyton and Hall 1996:308). This patient has hyponatremia (plasma sodium concentration of 132mmol/L) that is caused primarily by trauma and volume depletion. In addition, the high amount of potassium in the blood of the patient (6.8mmol/L) is linked significantly with renal dysfunction and haemolytic anaemia. The renal dysfunction could be from severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance secondary to septic shock. Blood urea is an indicator of renal function. Increased urea concentration exhibited by the patient (10mmol/L) is due to enhanced protein metabolism, a normal reaction of trauma injury, stress, haemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract, and sepsis (RNCeus 2006). Creatinine clearance is a test that gives an estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and is a good indicator of renal function. Increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels support the diagnosis of septic shock (Health Diseases 2008). Plasma bilirubin measures

BIOLOGY VOCABULARY AND ASSESSMENT Essay Example for Free

BIOLOGY VOCABULARY AND ASSESSMENT Essay 1. Binomial nomenclature: Linnaeus’s system of naming organisms, giving a scientific two-word name to each species- the first part being the genus, and the second the species 2. Class: taxonomic group that contains one or more related orders 3. Classification: grouping of organisms or objects based on a set of criteria that helps organize, communicate, and retain information 4. Division: taxonomic term used instead of phylum to group related classes of plants and bacteria 5. Domain: taxonomic group of one or more kingdoms 6. Family: taxonomic group of similar, related genera that is smaller than a genus and larger than an order 7. Genus: taxonomic group of closely related species with a common ancestor 8. Kingdom: taxonomic group of closely related phyla or divisions 9. Order: taxonomic group that contains related families 10. Phylum: taxonomic group of related classes 11. Taxon: named group of organisms ex: phylum, species 12. Taxonomy: branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on their natural relationships. CH 17 SEC 2 13. Character: inherited morphological or biochemical feature that 14. Cladistics: taxonomic method that models evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characters and phylogenetic trees 15. Cladogram: branched diagrams that represents the hypothesized phylogeny or evolution of a species or group; uses bioinformatics, morphological studies, and information from DNA studies 16. Molecular clock: model that uses comparisons of DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny and rate of evolutionary change 17. Phylogney: evolutionary history of a species  CH 17 SEC 3 18. Archaea: the species classified in Domain Archaea 19. Fungus: unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that is stationary, absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment, and has cell walls that contain chitin 20. Protist: unicellular, multicellular, or  colonial eukaryote whose cell walls may contain cellulose; can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like 17.1 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS: 1. It is easier to communicate and retain information about organisms when they are categorized into groups. 2. In the name given to an organism according to binomial nomenclature, the first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species. 3. In modern classification systems, people could classify organisms not only on morphological and behavioral characteristics, but also included evolutionary relationships. 4. The giant panda is of the Animalia Kingdom, Chordata Phylum, Mammalia Class, Carnivora Order, Ursidae Family, Ailuropoda Genus and Melanoleuca Species. 5. Since the phyla includes multiple classes, there would be more biodiversity in the phylum than in the class. 6. Taxonomy involves classifying species, but systematics involves discovering new species and relationships. They incorporate information from taxonomy in their studies.

What is Education? Education has been an important aspect in people’s l

What is Education? Education has been an important aspect in people’s lives. As children What is Education? Education has been an important aspect in people’s lives. As children, they start their academic careers in elementary school and as they grow older they move onto middle school, and then finally high school. I believe that from elementary school to high school, students are getting the minimal amount of education. Some people stop their education after their grade twelve year and some go onto post-secondary institutions. In addition, I also believe that students who finish high school but decide not to pursue post-secondary schools will have acquired enough education to carry on with their lives and as well as getting entry level jobs. Furthermore, students who continue their education in colleges and universities will become more academically skilled while increasing their chances of getting a well paid job (depending on their major). Their lives will be enriched as well. In this paper, I will argue my thoughts on what is the experience of education. There are many ways to argue what the experience of education is. My argument is that the experience of education means gaining the skills and knowledge to not only to survive in the real world, but to gain awareness and appreciation for life-long learning and the things that happen around us. Education is such a broad field as there are so many educational paths to take to become successful in a particular field. Common knowledge says that the education we’ve experienced in elementary school have helped prepare us for middle school. The same thing applies for entry to high school from middle school. These events from the three different c... ...e different situations. These skills should not be overlooked and should not be taken for granted. We must appreciate the world around us and be thankful for what education has provided us. Without education, we may not be able to do everyday things such as calculating our expenses, thinking logically, and interpreting one’s idea, etc. I believe that in life, all people to some extent are committed to life-long learning. Everyday we go through an experience such as studying at school, helping out in the community, or being a good Samaritan. For every experience we gain, we use that experience to gain another experience. Works Cited Barnhart, Clarence L., & Robert K. Barnhart, eds. The World Book Dictionary: Volume one A-K. Chicago, IL: World Book Inc., 1993. Dewey, John. â€Å"My Pedagogic Creed†. The School Journal 54, no.3, 16 January 1897: 77 – 80.

Life in College

Mohammad Rubel Essay College Life College has changed my life in many ways. Even though I spent only six months in college, I feel it has helped me a lot with my education and social life. Students who enter college usually collide with many problems, and some may think it is just like high school. From my perspective, college life is a life of freedom because it gives a feeling of being an adult, and also at the same time helping out with necessary needs. Life in college meant a new life for me.When I entered my college for the first day, I looked around with a mixed feeling of perplexity, joy, and a little bit of fear. I was puzzled as I was not habituated to college life. After checking around and looking for my class, I saw other students in batches were moving up and down the corridors for their classes; professors were coming smilingly and exchanging greetings with the students in a friendly manner which helped me to calm down and gave me the confidence to move on without being too nervous. Related article: Monash Moodle CollegeSocial life in college is different from high school. Most people do not socialize that much because they are there to get their credits and leave. They just want to finish their courses as fast as they can for business purpose or other reasons (this happens mainly in community college. ) For this reason, college has created many club activities, study groups, library, and other open areas to meet friends or work together, which definitely gives the chance to socialize.Another important thing college has taught me is managing time. I have come to understand how time is precious and how it can improve our lifestyle in so many levels. Balancing time is really important to do well both in college and in other activities like, Jobs, clubs, and spending time with family. After spending some time in classes, I came to realize how fun and easy it can be if a student spends a little bit of his/her time in class activities. College is a wonderful place an d one can make it happen by his/her will.

Definition and Examples of Morphemes in English

In English grammar and morphology, a  morpheme is a meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word such as dog, or a word element, such as the -s at the end of dogs, that cant be divided into smaller meaningful parts. Morphemes are the  smallest units of meaning in a language. They are  commonly classified as either free morphemes, which can occur as separate words or  bound morphemes, which cant stand alone as words. Many words in English are made up of a single free morpheme. For example, each word in the following sentence is a distinct morpheme: I need to go now, but you can stay. Put another way, none of the nine words in that sentence can be divided into smaller parts that are also meaningful. Etymology From the French, by analogy with phoneme, from the Greek, shape, form. Examples and Observations A prefix may be a morpheme:What does it mean to pre-board? Do you get on before you get on?—George CarlinIndividual words may be morphemes:They want to put you in a box, but nobodys in a box. Youre not in a box.—John TurturroContracted word forms may be morphemes:They want to put you in a box, but nobodys in a box. Youre not in a box.—John TurturroMorphs and AllomorphsA word can be analyzed as consisting of one morpheme (sad) or two or more morphemes (unluckily; compare luck, lucky, unlucky), each morpheme usually expressing a distinct meaning. When a morpheme is represented by a segment, that segment is a morph. If a morpheme can be represented by more than one morph, the morphs are allomorphs of the same morpheme: the prefixes in- (insane), il- (illegible), im- (impossible), ir- (irregular) are allomorphs of the same negative morpheme.—Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996Morphemes as Meaningful Sequences of SoundsA word cannot be divided into morphemes just by sounding out its syllables. Some morphemes, like apple, have more than one syllable; others, like -s, are less than a syllable.  A morpheme is  a form (a sequence of sounds) with a recognizable meaning. Knowing a words early history, or etymology, may be useful in dividing it into morphemes, but the decisive factor is the form-meaning link.A morpheme may, however,  have more than one pronunciation or spelling.  For example, the regular noun plural  ending has two spellings (-s and -es) and three pronunciations (an s-sound as in backs, a z-sound as in bags, and a vowel plus z-sound as in batches).  Similarly, when the morpheme  -ate is followed by -ion (as in activate-ion), the t of -ate combines with the i of -ion as the sound sh (so we might spell the word activashun). Such allomorphic variation is typical of the morphemes of English, even though the spelling does not represent it.—John Algeo,  The Origins and Dev elopment of the English Language, 6th ed.  Wadsworth, 2010Grammatical TagsIn addition to serving as resources in the creation of vocabulary, morphemes supply grammatical tags to words, helping us to identify on the basis of form the parts of speech of words in sentences we hear or read. For example, in the sentence Morphemes supply grammatical tags to words, the plural morpheme ending {-s} helps identify morphemes, tags, and words as nouns; the {-ical} ending underscores the adjectival relationship between grammatical and the following noun, tags, which it modifies.—Thomas P. Klammer et al. Analyzing English Grammar. Pearson, 2007Language AcquisitionEnglish-speaking children usually begin to produce two-morpheme words in their third year, and during that year the growth in their use of affixes is rapid and extremely impressive. This is the time, as Roger Brown showed, when children begin to use suffixes for possessive words (Adams ball), for the plural (dogs), for present p rogressive verbs (I walking), for third-person singular present tense verbs (he walks), and for past tense verbs, although not always with complete corectness (I brunged it here) (Brown 1973). Notice that these new morphemes are all of them inflections. Children tend to learn derivational morphemes a little later and to continue to learn about them right through childhood . . ..—Peter Bryant and Terezinha Nunes, Morphemes and Literacy: A Starting Point. Improving Literacy by Teaching Morphemes, ed. by T. Nunes and P. Bryant. Routledge, 2006 Pronunciation: MOR-feem